rq;fk;

rpj;j rf;jp mUl;Nrhjp ts;syhh; fy;tp epiyak; 1953-Mk; Mz;L epWtg;gl;L 1954-Mk; Mz;L Vg;uy; khjk; 27-Mk; Njjp rq;fkhfg; gjpT nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,e;j rq;fk; ,yhg Nehf;fkw;w jd;dhh;t njhz;L epWtdkhFk;. r%fj;jpy; gpd;jq;fpa Vio vspa Mjutw;w kf;fSf;F cjtpGhpAk; Nehf;fNjhL epWtg;gl;lJ. xt;nthU epjpahz;Lk; rq;ff;fzf;Ffs; jzpf;ifahsuhy; jzpf;if nra;ag;gl;L khtl;lg; gjpthsh; mYtyfj;jpy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;L tUfpwJ.

fl;lzkpy;yhf; fy;tp

muR cjtpngWk; nfh.,uh.tpRtehjd; eLepiyg;gs;spapy; jkpo; topapy; ,Ughy; Foe;ijfSf;Fk; fl;lzkpy;yhf; fy;tp vl;lhk; tFg;G tiu mspf;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ. gs;sp khzth;fspd; vz;zpf;if 328> Mz;-187 ngz;-141

fl;lzkpy;yh ,y;yk;

czT> cil> ciwtplk;> fy;tprhh; nghUl;fs;> Gj;jq;fs;> kUj;Jtk;> Rfhjhuk; Nghd;w NjitfSk; mspf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,y;yj;jpy; cs;s nkhj;jf;Foe;ijfs; 250> Mz;-134 ngz;-116

rq;fj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs;

  1. Mjutw;w kw;Wk; Vo;ikahd Foe;ijfSf;F [hjp> kj> Ngjkpd;wp ,ytr czT> ciwAs;> cil> kw;Wk; mbg;gil fy;tp mspj;jy;.

  2. jw;NghJ cs;s cjtpngWk; eLepiyg;gs;spia cah;epiy gs;spahfTk;> Nky;epiy gs;spahfTk; cah;j;Jjy;.

  3. njhopw;gapw;rp epWtdk; Muk;gpj;J elj;Jjy;.

  4. gy;njhopy; El;g fy;Yhhp Muk;gpj;jy;.

  5. ngz;fSf;fhd fiy kw;Wk; mwptpay; fy;Yhhp epWTjy;.

  6. ,y;y Foe;ijfSf;Fk;> VidNahUf;Fk; jpUf;Fws; kw;Wk; jpUtUl;gh fw;gpj;jy; kw;Wk; Foe;ijfSf;F jkpopy; Moe;j mwptpid cUthf;Fjy;; mth;fis ehl;bw;F Nrit nra;Ak; Raeykw;w Fbkf;fshf cUthf;Fjy;.

  7. Foe;ijfs; kw;Wk; Mrphpah;fs; ,ilNa fiy> mwptpay; kw;Wk; ifj;njhopypy; cs;s kiwjpwd;fis ntspnfhzu midj;J tiffspYk; Cf;Ftpj;jy;.

  8. ,ay;> ,ir> ehlfj; jkpopy; Mh;tKs;s khzth;fSf;F fy;tp cjtpj; njhifAk;> ghpRfSk;> mspf;f Vw;ghL nra;jy;.

  9. nghJkf;fSf;F xU Ehyfk; mikj;jy;.

  10. kUj;Jtkid mikj;jy;; NkYk; nghJ kUj;Jt> gy; kUj;Jt Kfhk; elj;Jjy;.

  11. murplkpUe;Jk;> nghJkf;fsplkpUe;Jk; khdpak;> ed;nfhil> ghpRfs; NkYk; cjtpfs; ngw;W rKjha ed;ikf;F cgNahfg;gLj;Jjy;.

  12. nghJthf ngz;fspd; Kd;Ndw;wjpw;fhfTk;> Fwpg;ghf tpjitfSf;Fk;> nghUshjhuj;jpy; gpd;jq;fpa ngz;fSf;Fk; cioj;jy;.


rpj;j rf;jp mUl;Nrhjp ts;syhh; fy;tp epiyak;

rpj;j rf;jp mUl;Nrhjp ts;syhh; fy;tp epiyak; njd;dpe;jpahtpy; nrd;idapypUe;J Rkhh; 290 fp.kP njhiytpy; mhpaYhh; khtl;lk; fah;yhghj; fpuhkj;jpy; cs;s ,ypq;fj;jbNkL vd;w ,lj;jpy; cs;sJ. (mhpaYhh; muR rpnkd;l; Miyf;F mUfpy; cs;sJ) ,e;epWtdkhdJ 1953-k; tUlk; mf;Nlhgh; khjk; 17-k; Njjp jtj;jpU KUfhde;j mbfshhpd; MrpAld; Mjutw;w Foe;ijfspd; tho;f;ifapy; xU khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;jpl epWtg;gl;lJ. ,ypq;fj;jbNkL ,uz;L rpw;NwhilfSf;F eLNt mike;Js;sJ. fy;yq;Fwpr;rp fypAftujuh[g;ngUkhs; Nfhtpy; nry;Yk; topapy; cs;sJ. ,e;epWtdkhdJ n[aq;nfhz;lk; njhFjp Kd;dhs; rl;lkd;w cWg;gpdh; Nf.Mh;.tp vd;W md;NghL miof;fg;gLfpd;w nfhLf;f{h; ,uhkrhkp tpRtehjd; mth;fshy; jtj;jpU KUfhde;j mbfshhpd; topfhl;Ljypd;gb Mjutw;w tpiykjpf;fKbahj Foe;ijnry;tq;fSf;F ciwtplkhf Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. 65 tUlq;fSf;F Nkyhf ,e;epWtdk; njhlh;e;J jd;dykw;w Nritapid nra;J tUfpwJ.




jtj;jpU KUfhde;j mbfshh;

fypAf tujuh[g; ngUkhisj; jhprpf;f te;j jtj;jpU KUfhde;j mbfshh; tw;whj fy;yhw;wpd; fiuNa ele;J te;J 1953-Mk; Mz;L ,ypq;fj;jbNkL te;J Nrh;e;J gj;J khjq;fs; jq;fpapUe;jhh;. mg;NghJ mbfshh; gw;wp mwpe;j n[aq;nfhz;lk; rl;lkd;w cWg;gpdh; jpU. nfh.,uh.tpRtehjd; mth;fs; mtiu jhprdk; nra;a ez;gh;fSld; te;jhh;. ,uz;lhk; Kiw te;jNghJ mbfshh; mth;fs; rl;lkd;w cWg;gpdiu Mjutw;w Foe;ijfSf;fhf Mjutw;Nwhh; ,y;yk; Jtq;fpLkhW md;G fl;lisapl;L mjw;Fr; rpWnjhifapidAk; nfhLj;J “rpj;j rf;jp mUl;Nrhjp ts;syhh; fy;tp epiyak;” vd;w ngahpidAk; ,l;L fPo;f;fz;l ey;thf;fpidAk; mUspr;nrd;whh;.



“nghUisg;gw;wpa ftiy Ntz;lhk;

Viokf;fisf; fhg;ghw;WtJ Mz;ltd; flik

jd;dykw;W Nrit nra;jpLf

nghUs;jhNd te;J NrUk;”


jtj;jpU KUfhde;j mbfshh; jpUney;Ntyp khtl;lj;ijr; rhh;e;j rptfphp vd;w Ciur; Nrh;e;jth;. jd;Dila 24-Mk; tajpy; ngw;Nwhh;fspd; mDkjpAld; jt tho;f;ifapid Nkw;nfhz;lhh;. jpUmUl;gpufhr ts;syhhpd; Nghjidfspy; md;Gw;W mtUila nfhs;ifapid kf;fspilNa gug;Gtjpy; jd;id mh;g;gzpj;Jf;nfhz;lhh;. fh\;kPh; Kjy; fd;dpahFkhp tiu 108 Mrpukq;fs; ts;syhh; ngauhy; Muk;gpj;jhh;. jw;NghJ flYhh; khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s tlYhh; Mrpukk;> mhpaYhh; khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s ,ypq;fj;jbNkL Mrpukk;> jpz;Lf;fy; khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s Ith; kiy Mrpukk;; jpUr;rp khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s MjptaYhh; Mrpukk; Fwpg;gplj;jFe;jit. Me;jpuhtpy; cs;s kjdg;gs;sp Mrpukj;jpy; caph; Jwe;jhh;> mtuJ g+jcly; tlYhh; Mrpukj;jpy; rkhjp itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.